点阵结构空气舵及内部流体热流固耦合研究

开展了钛合金TC4材料激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)工艺研究,在此基础上设计了多孔轻质空气舵模型,并基于有限差分法(FDM),采用三维流固耦合共轭传热数值计算方法,利用流体体积法(VOF)追踪流体自由液面,研究了典型的点阵夹层结构的空气舵内部冷却液动态换热过程的相互影响过程,考虑了冷却液与钛合金材料蒙皮间的耦合传热及湍流换热。结果表明,空气舵的内部流体压强随速度的增加而增加,从而导致流体出口的速度增加。当压强增加到一定程度时,流体的出口以水柱形式喷出。虽然较大的流体速度可以带走较多的热量,但是影响远小于对压强的影响。综合考虑空气舵的服役要求,获得了合适的冷却水入口速度。     

航空涡扇发动机起动热悬挂故障诊断

为了完善某型航空涡扇发动机起动性能设计,通过分析发动机的起动控制逻辑和热悬挂控制逻辑,确定了起动热悬挂故障的原因。起动热悬挂分为排气温度 T6上升率过高故障和压气机出口压力 P31上升率过低故障 2种模式,故障原因分别为初始供油量偏多和起动过程 P31波动,针对故障原因制定了解决措施:初始点火供油量设定值下调,提高 P31传感器小压力段的测量精度,并优化 P31斜率异常故障判故逻辑。上述解决措施不仅解决了起动热悬挂问题,更进一步增强了产品设计与生产的兼容性,提高了发动机的起动性能和起动成功率。     

涡轮动叶表面换热特性的试验研究

航空发动机性能的提高对涡轮叶片耐热极限提出了更高的要求,为了更准确地分析涡轮叶片的传热特性,选取某型气冷涡轮动叶10%、50%和90%叶高的特征型面通过低导热光敏树脂材料经过3D打印而成,通过叶片表面粘贴厚度为0.02mm康铜加热膜接通恒定电流加热,使用红外热像系统精确测量叶片壁面温度,在平面叶栅中研究了吹风比(M)和雷诺数(Re)对气膜绝热冷却效率和努塞尔数(Nu)的影响(试验中基于弦长的进口雷诺数Re为8.0×10⁴-16.7×10⁴,吹风比M为1-3)。试验结果表明：M=1时气膜能够较好附着在叶片表面,叶片表面得到较好冷却;随着主流雷诺数的增加,绝热壁面温度逐渐升高,绝热效率逐渐降低;吹风比对涡轮叶片的传热特性的影响与气膜孔出流角度有关,随着吹风比的增大,压力面绝热冷却效率逐渐增大,由于吸力面的气膜孔出流角较大,吹风比增大使得吸力面的绝热冷却效率逐渐减小;随着吹风比的增加,对流换热系数增大。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的航空发动机空气系统稳态算法优化

针对目前航空发动机空气系统稳态算法中收敛性依赖初值的问题,将蒙特卡罗方法与流体网络法综合应用到空气系统可压缩流体一维网络计算中,提出了一种新的计算方法Monte Carlo-Fluid Network（MC-FN）。该方法将空气系统简化为由节点和元件组成的网络,借助蒙特卡罗方法获得空气系统内各节点压力分配,再根据空气系统中各元件流阻特性和换热特性计算流量、温度。计算中通过将游动次数比较少的蒙特卡罗方法的计算结果作为流量残差法节点压力、温度的初始值,实现快速求得精确收敛解。与流量残差算法相比,MC-FN方法计算精度不变,收敛速度提升了66.5%;与线性求解法相比,MC-FN方法的计算精度提升了25.2%,收敛速度提升了43.8%。     

Detection of aerosol pollution sources during sandstorms in Northwestern China using remote sensed and model simulated data

The present paper has used a comprehensive approach to study atmosphere pollution sources including the study of vertical distribution characteristics, the epicenters of occurrence and transport of atmospheric aerosol in North-West China under intensive dust storm registered in all cities of the region in April 2014. To achieve this goal, the remote sensing data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) as well as model-simulated data, were used, which facilitate tracking the sources, routes, and spatial extent of dust storms. The results of the study have shown strong territory pollution with aerosol during sandstorm. According to ground-based air quality monitoring stations data, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeded 400?μg/m³ and 150?μg/m³, respectively, the ratio PM_2.5/PM₁₀ being within the range of 0.123–0.661. According to MODIS/Terra Collection 6 Level-2 aerosol products data and the Deep Blue algorithm data, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm in the pollution epicenter was within 0.75–1. The vertical distribution of aerosols indicates that the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) 532?nm total attenuates backscatter coefficient ranges from 0.01 to 0.0001?km^?1?×?sr^?1 with the distribution of the main types of aerosols in the troposphere of the region within 0–12.5?km, where the most severe aerosol contamination is observed in the lower troposphere (at 3–6?km). According to satellite sounding and model-simulated data, the sources of pollution are the deserted regions of Northern and Northwestern China.     

某型涡轴发动机高低温起动性能试验与分析

开展了采用RP-3燃油和RP-5燃油的涡轴发动机高低温起动性能对比试验。分析了不同环境温度下转子的阻力矩和电动机扭矩的变化规律,指出了当前计算方法的局限性;对比了环境温度、燃油种类、燃油流量对发动机起动性能的影响,摸索出了该型发动机低温起动极限温度。试验结果表明:随着温度降低,滑油黏度增大,转子阻力矩增大,发动机带转转速和转子自转时间显著降低;在极限低温条件下,两种燃油对涡轴发动机起动性能影响非常大,而在高温条件下,采用上述两种燃油,发动机起动性能基本一致;该型发动机采用RP-3燃油能在-40 ℃环境下成功起动,而采用RP-5燃油,经过调油等措施最终只能在-20 ℃环境下成功起动;在一定范围内,增加燃油流量,能改善发动机采用RP-5燃油的起动能力。研究结论为同类发动机高低温试验提供了参考。      

民用飞机的大气数据模块功能性分析

目前,国内外对于民用飞机大气数据系统的研究多集中于大气数据计算机和皮托管气动特性方面,而鲜有关于大气数据模块对大气数据系统提供有效数据的研究。为了研究大气数据模块对民用飞机压力管路和数据精度的影响,以机上管路和高度参数建立模型,对大气数据惯性基准系统中大气数据模块的组成结构、工作性能进行分析,得到 CRJ200、G450 和 G550 三种机型的大气测试数据,并找到造成不同误差范围的原因。结果表明：装有大气数据模块的 G450 和 G550 机型能够有效提高飞机的渗漏精度,实时反映民用飞机的大气数据信息;大气数据模块的使用对管道变形、渗漏以及数据精度等问题有重大改善,可为民用飞机大气数据系统设计提供参考。     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

空管基础数据分类标准研究

从当前国际、国内军民航各方面,对航空数据标准应用现状进行资料汇集和整理,分析现有技术和标准的局限性,参考国际数据交互标准AIXM,提出我国空管基础数据分类标准和编码规则,为实现全球范围内的航空数据交换奠定基础。     

中国民航管制员以考促学模式研究

“民航管制员英语等级测试”并不是最终目的,以考促学,全面提升中国民航管制员整体英语水平才是根本。本文通过相关空管局（站）的试验运行,总结出两种有效的管制员英语学习模式,一是集中培训,以点带面,一是构建平台,自主学习,以期对我国民航管制员英语水平的提高有所帮助。